While the City Sleeps (1956)

While the City Sleeps (1956)

Toronto Film Society presented While the City Sleeps (1956) on Monday, August 18, 2014 in a double bill with Scandal Sheet as part of the Season 67 Summer Series, Programme 6.

Plot

A power struggle ensues after the death of media magnate Amos Kyne, whose sole heir, Walter, an immature playboy with no understanding of media, has no interest in running the corporation himself and prefers to create a competition between three senior members of staff for the position of executive editor. The post will go to whoever can secure the arrest of the “Lipstick Killer”, a serial killer who has been terrorising women. The three men set about their task in alliance with different associates in the world of media, while the television personality, Edward Mobley, also becomes involved and attempts to use secretary Nancy Liggett, his girl friend, as bait to force the killer to reveal his identity, putting her life and that of others in serious danger as a result. The film ends with a chase involving almost all the main characters through the tunnels of what is supposed to be the New York subway but is actually a similar setting in Los Angeles.

While the City Sleeps (1956)

Critical response

Bosley Crowther of the New York Times liked the film, especially the acting, and commented: “Since it is full of sound and fury, murder, sacred and profane love and a fair quota of intramural intrigue, a viewer is left wondering if the tycoons of the giant Kyne publishing combine ever bother to cover such mundane stories as the weather. But while this journalistic jamboree is more flamboyant than probable, a tight and sophisticated script by Casey Robinson and clutch of professional performances make While the City Sleeps a diverting and workmanlike fiction.”

Several critics, however, find the film downbeat, even cynical, with hardly any attractive characters, especially among the men, who are almost universally avaricious and self-interested. Even the film’s supposed hero, played by Dana Andrews, is wiling to use–and risk–his girl friend to advance his ambitions, and some scenes explicitly offer parallels between him and the murderer The youthful killer, in black leather jacket and motorcycle cap, seems to represent a jaundiced view of modern youth (this was the era of The Blackboard Jungle, Marlon Brando’s The Wild One and Rebel Without a Cause) but without the attempt of these films to understand or perhaps even sympathise with the killer (as Lang did in his masterpiece M many years previously).  “The heart of the story” [critic Dennis Schwartz suggests] “is seen through the glass-walled newspaper offices and all the underhand things that normally take place there are revealed, as Lang reserves his harshest judgment on the blindly ambitious newspaper people who could so easily throw away their self-respect for power, vanity, and money.”

While the City Sleeps (1956)

Fritz Lang (1890-1976)

Born in Vienna and raised as a Catholic by his parents, he studied architecture and then art at university and travelled widely in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Pacific as a young man. After volunteering for military service in World War I and being wounded three times, he worked briefly for the theatre before being hired as a scriptwriter and then director for the German film company UFa, just as the Expressionist movement was getting under way. He quickly gained an international reputation for his work in Germany in the 1920s with such silent films as his two Dr Mabuse titles (1922 and 1933) and Die Niebelungen (1923-24), though his most ambitious and expensive work of the period Metropolis (1925-26) was at first a huge box-office flop and cut to ribbons in most countries in an attempt to make it commercially viable. Painstaking reconstructions of the film in recent years, however, achieved by piecing together fragments from prints found as away as Argentina, have made it one of the most admired and widely screened of all silent films. His first sound film M (1931) a powerful study of a serial child killer, but also an indictment of uncontrolled mob justice, was internationally acclaimed for its imaginative use of the new medium and was highly influential. By his own account (which has sometimes been contested by critics), he later claimed that, despite his strongly anti-Nazi politics, he was offered the position of head of the main German film studio UFa by Hitler=s propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels in 1934, following which he promptly left Germany for France, leaving behind his wife and frequent scriptwriter, Thea von Harbou, who was a fervent supporter of the Nazis. There he made one film, Liliom, before accepting an offer from MGM and moving to Hollywood, where he stayed till 1957, before returning to Germany and making two final films.

In the US he was one of many eminent film directors, novelists, musicians and playwrights who had emigrated from Nazi Germany and Nazi-occupied France. Among the filmmakers were Jean Renoir, René Clair, Max Ophuls, Billy Wilder, Otto Preminger and Robert Siodmak, who, between them, made an immense contribution to American cinema of the 1940s and 1950s, especially in the areas of film noir, socially or politically themed thrillers, and (in Lang=s case) unorthodox Westerns. Some of his films, such as Hangmen Also Die and Cloak and Dagger (shown in a recent TFS series) were explicitly anti-Nazi and his 22 American films include such masterpieces as Fury (1936), The Woman in the Window (1944), Scarlet Street (1945), The Big Heat (1953) and While the City Sleeps (1955). Critical opinion at the time was often lukewarm towards these films, seeing them as little more than standard melodramas, but many of them are now acknowledged as major works of the period.

Throughout his career Lang=s visual style was highly (some critics say coldly) geometrical, relying on carefully composed and framed compositions, and elaborate play of light and shadow. Clocks and doorways are recurrent images that take on overtones of menace and inexplicable anxiety, and themes of paranoia, pursuit, mistaken identity, wrongful accusation, disguise, foreboding, and violent retribution, usually presented in grittily realistic fashion–are common.

[Adapted from previous TFS notes]

While the City Sleeps (1956)

Dana Andrews (1909-1992)

Born Carver Dana Andrews on a farmstead in Mississippi, his family moved to Texas where he attended Sam Houston State University and then, hoping to find work as an actor he moved to California, where he studied theatre and acting at the Pasadena Playhouse, and became an acclaimed member of the company, attracting the attention of Samuel Goldwyn, who offered him a movie contract. His first film role was in The Westerner (1940) and this led to his finest period as an actor in the following decade with Ball of Fire (1941–as a gangster), The Oxbow Incident (1943–as a lynching victim), Laura (1944–as an obsessed detective), The Best Years of Our Life (1946–as an air force veteran) and State Fair (1945–as a singer in a musical in which he starred with Jeanne Craine). His career began to stall in 1950s as a result of his alcoholism, and, after Where the Sidewalk Ends in 1950 he moved more into B-movies, though he had success in Fritz Lang’s While the City Sleeps (1956) and Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (1957) and Jacques Tourneur’s Night of the Demon (1957). His later work was mostly in radio, after he had brought his alcoholism under control, and he died from heart failure in 1992 at the age of (83).

While the City Sleeps (1956)

Ida Lupino (1918-1995)

Born in London, England, and coming from a theatrical family that included the well-known stage and film comedian Lupino Lane, she trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and appeared in several British films between 1931 and 1933, after which    she moved to Hollywood. and made a dozen films for Columbia and then Warner’s, though her independent spirit resulted in her spending much of her time at the latter, studio suspended. and led to her leaving the studio in 1947. She then moved to Columbia, and concentrated on developing a career as a director, one of the very few women to do so at this period., having become interested while spending time on suspension and studying the filmmaking process. She formed an independent company with her husband Collier Young and became a producer, writer and director of low-budget, issue-directed films, six of which she directed or co-directed and three of which she acted in. She then went on to produce, direct and write her own films on controversial subjects related to women’s concerns, such as Outrage (1950) and the film noir The Hitch-Hiker (1953) She continued to act in films during the 1950s, but directed almost exclusively for television in the 1960s and 1970s.

While the City Sleeps (1956)

Rhonda Fleming (born 1923)

She began to work as a film actress while still at school and had her first substantial role            in Alfred Hitchcock’s Spellbound in 1945. This was followed by supporting roles in The Spiral Staircase in 1946 and Out of the Past in 1947. Her first leading part was in the low-budget Adventure Island in 1947 and she then co-starred with Bing Crosby in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1949) where she exhibited her singing ability. She was renowned for her beauty as much as her acting and was dubbed “The Queen of Technicolor” for her green eyes and flaming auburn hair. Many of her subsequent roles were in B-pictures and undistinguished Westerns, with a few exceptions such as While the City Sleeps, and Gunfight at the O.K Corral and her later career was spent mainly in television.

While the City Sleeps (1956)

George Sanders (1906-972)

Notable for his strong English accent, he was born in Russia to English parents and returned with them to England in 1917 at the age of 11 on the outbreak of the Russian revolution. He worked in an advertising agency before adopting a career in acting and made his British film debut in 1929. His upper-class English accent and suave manners established him in American films in the 1940s, including Rebecca and Foreign Correspondent for Alfred Hitchcock, and three films for director Alfred Lewin–The Picture of Dorian Gray, The Private Affairs of Bel Ami (both 1947) and Pandora and the Flying Dutchman (1951), though his greatest success was as the acerbic, cold-blooded theatre critic Addison DeWitt in All About Eve (1950), a role which he reprised to some extent as the supercilious and sarcastic husband of Ingrid Bergman in Robert Rossellini’s Voyage to Italy in 1954. His later career included historical epics such as Ivanhoe and King Richard and the Crusaders, after which he appeared mostly on television. He died, after years of waning health and depression, in 1972, apparently by suicide.

While the City Sleeps (1956)

Vincent Price (1911-1993)

Possessor, like Sanders, of a very distinctive speaking voice, Price was perhaps best known for the series of horror films, loosely adapted from the work of Edgar Allan Poe that he appeared in during the 1960s under the direction of Roger Corman, such as The Masque of the Red Death, The Fall of the House of Usher, The Pit and the Pendulum and The Tomb of Ligeia, though he had dabbled previously in horror with films such as House of Wax in 1953 and the Boris Karloff Tower of London in 1939. He also played “straight” roles in three films with Gene Tierney in the 1940s–Laura, Leave Her to Heaven and Dragonwyck–and in the 1970s worked more often in television.

While the City Sleeps (1956)

Ernest Laszlo (1898-1984)

Of Hungarian origin, he emigrated to the United States and found work as a camera operator in Hollywood. His films include the silent classic Wings (1927) and several collaborations with director Robert Aldrich including Apache, Kiss Me Deadly, Vera Cruz and The Big Knife. He won the Academy Award for Ship of Fools in 1966.

 Notes by Graham Petrie

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